As the days become shorter and the darkness envelops us, the joy brought by fall foliage can often be overshadowed by the challenge of reduced sunlight—something that affects both adults and children alike.
Mental Health America reports that approximately 5% of the U.S. population experiences seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, each year. This form of seasonal depression is defined by its timing, specifically its onset and duration, which often corresponds with the year’s seasons (most commonly manifesting in fall and winter for many, though some may experience it during spring and summer). While discussions about SAD are frequently centered on adults, it is essential to recognize that children—from toddlers to teens—can also face seasonal depression.
Dr. Beth Oller, a family physician, explains how seasonal depression influences brain chemicals, impacting individuals regardless of their age:
“Daylight affects two chemicals in the brain, melatonin and serotonin. Higher levels of melatonin result in increased sleepiness. Serotonin is associated with energy and mood; the brain produces more of it in response to sunlight. Elevated serotonin levels contribute to feelings of happiness, while lower levels can lead to depression. The shorter days and increased darkness in fall and winter can elevate melatonin and decrease serotonin, creating biological conditions that heighten the likelihood of depression.”
Can children experience seasonal affective disorder?
Seasonal affective disorder manifests differently across all age groups. As noted by Mental Health America, while SAD typically first appears in the early 20s, it can also emerge during childhood or adolescence.
Recognizing shifts in a child’s mood throughout the darker months can aid in identifying possible SAD or general mental health challenges.
“The most noticeable change is often a shift in mood, resulting in feelings of sadness, depression, or irritability. For children, irritability may show up as anger or frustration, which can be a primary symptom, even though many associate depression solely with sadness,” Dr. Oller explains. “That seemingly moody child who displays anger, throws tantrums, or has a quick temper might actually be grappling with depression.”
Other red flags to look for, as noted by Dr. Oller, include:
- A disinterest in previously enjoyed activities
- A withdrawal from social interactions
- Increased fatigue or low energy
- Difficulty completing school assignments or unexpected drops in academic performance
- Heightened cravings for comfort foods, particularly carbs and sugary treats
“It can be easy to misinterpret reduced energy or loss of interest as laziness or stubbornness, but it might stem from something more serious, such as SAD,” Dr. Oller cautions. “If you detect a change in your child’s mood, engage with them about it. If concerns persist, do not hesitate to reach out to their family doctor, who can aid in creating a plan to support your child.”
How to assist your child in managing mental health issues related to SAD
Being mindful of your child’s emotional fluctuations can play a vital role in recognizing potential mental health struggles early on, along with determining if they are merely experiencing introversion or anxiety.
Dr. Oller suggests several strategies for supporting a child affected by SAD:
- Taking daily walks together
- Spending leisure time together watching a favorite program
- Allocating extra time for homework or studying to avoid feelings of overwhelm
- Following a structured schedule that emphasizes regular routines and adequate sleep
Collaborating with your child’s health care team can provide additional context and support as they navigate this time in their lives. Their pediatrician may suggest therapies for managing SAD, such as light therapy.
“Help your child grasp their diagnosis of SAD so it feels less intimidating,” encourages Dr. Oller. “They may feel let down by themselves if they struggle with concentration or completing their tasks as efficiently as before. Assure them of your presence and support in finding solutions and strategies to manage their feelings,” she adds. “Your child will require your patience as they work through this, as symptoms typically do not dissipate quickly.”
Fostering open discussions about mental health at any age
Research indicates that adults (including parents) grapple with mental health issues during these dimmer months as well. Engaging in candid conversations about mental health and sharing your own coping mechanisms can foster better communication with your children.
“Make discussions about mood, mental health, and feelings a routine part of your household,” Dr. Oller advocates. “Regularly inquire about your child’s emotions, what troubles them, what brings them joy, what they enjoy in school, what worries them, and if there is anything they wish to discuss.”
Normalizing the use of a light box during winter months or switching to brighter light bulbs can significantly benefit everyone’s mental well-being. Additionally, if you, as a parent, have a history of SAD, conveying that context to your children is crucial.
“Family history of SAD can elevate the risk of developing it, so if it’s present in your family, be particularly vigilant about your child’s mood changes in the fall,” Dr. Oller suggests. “For instance, my mother had SAD and realized in her adulthood that a light box was incredibly beneficial. I’ve been aware of my propensity towards this condition as well, which has made me more mindful of my mood as the days shorten. Maintaining a consistent routine, getting enough rest, and engaging in enjoyable activities is essential for keeping my depression at bay.”
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